This study is aimed at examining the livelihood strategy, benefitpackages offered, adjustment problems and the coping strategies of exfarmersin the re-located neighbourhood of Derba kebele in Jimma town. Tothis end, the research site was purposively selected and in-depth interviewwith key informants; one focus group discussions and observation were usedto collect the data required for the study. The study result showed that thelivelihood of ex-peri-urban community has been jeopardized following therelocation to Hirmata Mercato kebele. This is because of the changes in thecontexts that surrounds rural area and urban area. Since urban contexts aredistinct from the rural ones and the households were not ready to befamiliarized with the situation,and also the nature of follow-up and supportgiven at post displacement time was less, majority of them lead a precariousliving condition. As a result, majority of the households are not contentedwith the livelihood they are leading in the Hirmata Mercato Kebele.

• Most Ethiopians lived, are still living in rural areas: large villages or small homesteads
• The majority of todays Ethiopian urban centres were established in the past 200years
• Few examples of major urban centres prior to the 19C: Axum, Lalibela, Gondar
• Prior to 20C, the reason for establishment of most urban centres of Ethiopia were military, religion
• Amba (high ground): Town emerged in connection with the seat of a regional chief or a religious centre of learning, usually located on high grounds (ambas)
• Sefer (temporary settlement/ camp): Town or part of a town emerged in connection with temporary military garrison of a regional chief
• Ketema (settlement): Town developed in location regional where a regional chief establishes transient military garrison with civilian settlement.

The Millenium Development Goal Target 7/11 of significantly improving the lives of at least 100 slumdwellers by 2020 will certainly depend on the credibility of approaches and systems put in place to deal withthe challenge of housing informality. Unfortunately, knowledge of what works best for developing nationshas been impoverished by complex processes of globalization that have seen many such approaches andsystems reflecting planning ideas borrowed from the global North. The informal housing sector hasregrettably over the years benefited immensely from planning ideas and approaches simplistically transferredfrom the North to Southern contexts.

The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of urban expansion onsurrounding peasant land in Areka town. The data were obtained from 68 randomly selectedrespondents by using questionnaires and interview from municipality office workers other illiterateindigenous peoples of the town as well as from secondary sources were also included. Toanalysis the collected data were edited, tabulated, percentage and finally descriptive methodwas employed. The result revealed that there are many factors causing urban expansion tosurrounding peasant land: those are establishment of market, infrastructure, rural to urbanmigration and positive consequences of urban expansion.

Addis Abeba is one of the rapidly urbanizing cities in Africa. However, empirical evidences on the impact of urbanization of the city on its peri-urban environment and livelihoods are scanty. This study has been conducted in 2011 with the objectives of detecting the land use and land cover dynamics of the city as a driver of changes in the environmental resource base of peri-urban livelihoods, assessing adaptive and copping livelihood strategies of peri-urban communities to urbanization, and evaluating the post-displacement welfare situation of urbanization-induced displaced households in the peri-urban areas.

Pressure on farm land is increasing at the periphery of the cities and the developmental pressures led bythe urbanization process transforming farm lands into non-agricultural landscapes which is irreversible.Hence the study was conducted along rural-urban continuum of Bengaluru North to analyze the impactof urbanization on land use pattern and production systems. The results of the study revealed that thearea under non-agricultural uses is growing significantly with positive trend in the Bengaluru urban andBengaluru rural districts and Bengaluru North and Devanahalli taluks where the influence of Bengalurusprawl is more and in rural gradient its growth is insignificant. The net sown area has recorded significantnegative growth in urban gradient and is insignificant in other two gradients. The correlation betweenarea under non-agricultural uses and net sown area was significant and strongly negatively correlatedin urban gradient. The extent of their correlation co-efficient decreases as the urban influences decreases.Field crops have seen devastation in the last decade at urban and peri-urban gradients. Because ofground water shortage and frequent failure of bore wells, the area under vegetable crops and mulberryhas reduced at farm level, where as the area of fruit crops under micro irrigation system has increased.Hence in the view of rapid growth of Bengaluru city, there is a need for measures to control irreversibledamage of farm lands and agrarian community in the area.

Abundant rainfall areas promote sediment yield at both sub-watershed and watershed scale due to soil erosionand increase siltation of river channel, but it can be curtailed through planned urbanization. The urbanizationof Skudai watershed is analysed from historical and future perspective. A GIS-based model (HydrologicalSimulation Programme-FORTRAN-HSPF) is used to modelled sediment flow using basin-wide simulation, andthe output result is utilized in evaluating sediment yield reduction due to increased urbanization by swappingmultiple temporal land-use of decadent time-steps. The analysis indicates that sediment yield reduces with increaseurban built-up and decrease forest and agricultural land. An estimated 12 400 tons of sediment will bereduced for every 27% increase in built-up areas under high rainfall condition and 1 490 tons at low rainfall. Thesensitivity analysis of land-use classes shows that built-up, forest and barren are more sensitive to sediment yieldreduction compared to wetland and agricultural land at both high and low rainfall. The result of the study suggeststhat increased urbanization reduced sediment yield in proportion to the rainfall condition and can be usedas an alternative approach for soil conservation at watershed scale independent of climate condition.

The spatial, physical and socio-economic conditions of Addis Ababa City, in general, is byfar behind the requirements fundamental to sustain the livelihood of the city. In addressingthe problems of the city, the suggested government intervention strategies include, amongothers, the relocation and resettlement of residents for efficient utilization of potential sites,and bringing balanced and coordinated investment/development in different parts of thecity. These strategies, so far, seam to concentrate on the supply side and neglected theeffective demand of the majority of investors.

Several characteristics distinguish land and land markets. Land is a factor ofproduction essential to the provision of urban housing services and the productionof agricultural goods. It is also demanded as a fi nancial asset since it is oft en a goodhedge against infl ation, especially in countries where fi nancial markets are not welldeveloped.Th e acquisition of land is frequently part of the portfolio diversifi cationstrategies of economic agents even in economies with well-developed fi nancialmarkets and where infl ation is not a serious problem.

Complexities brought about by climate change and the twin processes of globalization andurbanization have in recent times led to a renewed interest in the way cities are planned,designed and lived in (de Groot et al., 2002; UNEP, 2007; Yang et al, 2011). More specifically,the social, economic and environmental consequences thereof have led to a reevaluation of thefactors that contribute to sustainable urban environments (Li et al., 2003; James et al, 2009;Lyytimaki and Sipila, 2009; Petrosillo et al., 2010).

Land is major economic factor and it is crucial for the development in our Country. Land Administration is theprocess of implementing land related policies and land management strategies to ensure economic, social equity,and environmental protection issues. Land management is the process by which the resources of land are put intogood effect (UN-ECE, 1996). Land management encompasses all activities associated with the management of landand natural resources that are required to achieve sustainable development.1 The failure to adopt, at all levels,appropriate rural and urban land policies and land management practices remains a primary cause of inequity andpoverty. It is also the cause of increased living costs, the occupation of hazard prone land, environmentaldegradation and the increased vulnerability of urban and rural habitats, affecting all people, especiallydisadvantaged and vulnerable groups, people living in poverty and low income people. 2

Ethiopia has a total area of about 1.1 million square kilometres and has a total projected population of 56.7 million from which the urban population living in 302 towns in 1995 was estimated to be 8.9 million or 15.3% of the total population.Ethiopia has a total area of about 1.1 million square kilometres and has a total projected population of 56.7 million from which the urban population living in 302 towns in 1995 was estimated to be 8.9 million or 15.3% of the total population.

The increase in urbanization and its potential role requires the creation of a more dynamic non-agricultural economy through raising the profile of the urban agenda as a possible resource for growth and poverty reduction. Recognizing the importance of achieving a balanced urban system would certainly become a necessary concern for government as it would offer an opportunity for increasing market integration by facilitating exchanges and the division of labor, as well as facilitating partial or complete diversification in the non-agricultural sector. Further, cities could offer the opportunity to deliver services more cheaply and can act as poles of growth, thereby playing an important role in poverty reduction.

Urban areas in Ethiopia have been growing very quickly in recent decades, which haveled to ever increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagriculturalactivities. This has had several transformative impacts on the transitionalperi-urban, areas including engulfment of local communities and conversion of landrights and use from an agricultural to a built-up property rights system. Peri-urban areasalso display all forms of competition for land among people of diverse backgrounds.

An attempt is made to provide an assessment of the impact of policy measuresimplemented so far on the housing sector. The available materials reviewed suggeststhat the housing sector has been subject to a variety of interventions over the last 30years which provide important lessons to any effort that aims at drafting appropriateand coherent housing policy.

Academic world has largely neglected the prospects and challenges that urbanization has been potentially posed on the livelihood of farming community living adjacent to urban. A number of studies indicated that urbanization causes both prospects and challenges in the area where the urbanization process is taking place. However, the prospects and challenges of the urbanization up on farming community living adjacent to the urban are basically missing. The emprical studies indicated that urbanization process cause upsides and downsides not only within urban perse but also on the its peripheries. This study dedicates to study the prospects and challenges of urbanization on the farming community surrounding Finfinne with particular emphasis on livelihood.

The current accelerated growth of Addis Ababa has caused tension between thefavourable aspects of urban redevelopment, and the corresponding wake-upcalls against the risks of transforming various parts of the city into haphazard‘concrete jungle’. I argue that there is role conflict in municipality authoritiesthat are entrusted with the power to lease out urban land, and at the same timecarry out the regulatory function of revising and implementing urban masterplans and providing municipal services. It is argued that the land provisionfunction of municipalities (and their corresponding interest in enhancingrevenue from lease) induces them to lease out urban land to the detriment ofgreen areas, neighborhood play fields, public parks, open spaces, riverbanks,street alignments and adequate space for bus and taxi terminals (menaheria).Such role conflict not only enhances administrative discretion and corruption,but also weakens urban land holding security, represses municipal services andadversely affects the propriety and effectiveness of urban plans.

Efficient and effective land management is essential for urban development and growth. This requires the land delivery process to be participatory, equitable, and transparent.  In land management, globally, these constituentsof good governance have gained significant attention in recent times.  However, in Ethiopia urban land delivery practices and processes have been prone to corruption due to the absence of good governance.  As far back as1997, the UNDP pronounced a classic view of good governance as that process which is participatory, transparent, accountable, effective, and equitable and, above all, promotes the rule of law.  Good governance ensures that political, social and economic priorities are based on broad consensus in society and that the voicesof the poorest and the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making over the allocation of development resources.  The methodology of this paper rests, basically, on findings from an ongoing doctoral study on land management practices in Hawassa City.  Additional data was also obtained from literature, policy documents, and special regional government evaluation report.  The study’s result from the Mann Whitney U Test revealed that respondents from both formal and informal settlement areas have the same view regarding most tenets of good governance in land management in Hawassa.  Again, the study’s chi-square test proved that there is strong evidence of a relation between governance principles and land delivery processes.  The paper suggests strengthening good governance in land management to facilitate an efficient and responsive urban land delivery system.

Urban areas in Ethiopia has been growing very fast which has led to ever increasing demand of land from peri‐urban areas for housing and other non-agricultural activities.

Contemporary urbanization differs from historical patterns of urbangrowth in terms of scale, rate, location, form, and function. This reviewdiscusses the characteristics of contemporary urbanization and theroles of urban planning, governance, agglomeration, and globalizationforces in driving and shaping the relationship between urbanizationand the environment. We highlight recent research on urbanizationand global change in the context of sustainability as well as opportunitiesfor bundling urban development efforts, climate mitigation, andadaptation strategies to create synergies to transition to sustainability.We conclude with an analysis of global greenhouse gas emissions underdifferent scenarios of future urbanization growth and discuss theirimplications.