The State of Addis Ababa 2017 report presents a critical assessment of the city’s historical, demographic and urbanization processes vis-à-vis its current socioeconomic and environmental conditions within the city’s dynamic urban governance structure, system and practices.  Specifically, the report sheds light on the impacts of Addis Ababa’s ongoing urbanization on its economic development, social services delivery, access to affordable housing for the poor and the urban environment.  It provides recommendations to enhance the city’s liveability, productivity, competitiveness and sustainability.

The unprecedented rapid urbanization of Addis Ababa, coupled the city’s high population growth has been entailing intricacies on city’s management, amongst which Green spaces management constitute a part. In pursuit of the brown agenda i.e. infrastructural development, expansion of construction for settlement to accommodate the ever growing population, utilization of fuel wood and charcoal as bio fuel have been contributing to green spaces depletion in Addis. Green spaces participatory management has been a problem. This requires studies to find solution for the Green space management problem. This research’s aim is to determine the green spaces status and green spaces participatory management that entails stakeholder organizations and the community in the ten sub-cities of Addis Ababa. The main research methods are Land cover change detection using remotely sensed satellite multi-temporal raster data image analysis, qualitative and quantitative data analysis.

This discussion of the development and nature of towns in Ethiopia is derived from a study of twenty one towns in the immediate area of Addis Ababa.  These towns are contained within a circular area hav ing a 20-miles radius centering upon Addis Ababa. Ethiopia's capital city itself is not a part of this study.

Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa next to Nigeria with a populationEthiopia is the second most populous country in Africa next to Nigeria with a populationestimated at 99.39 million out of which over 19.4% live in urban and peri-urban areas. Thecountry is predominantly rural and categorised as one of the lowest urban dwellers residencecompared to many developing countries’ including Sub - Saharan standards in percentage oftotal population residing in cities and urban settings, which also displays a rapid rate ofurbanisation in the pace at which people are relocating to urban centres.

• Population 80 million, over 950 towns and Cities, double digit economic growth
• Pressing Slum condition
• Housing shortage
• Unemployment condition

This report has been prepared as part of the ‘Urban infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa – Harnessing land values’ project for the UK Government – Department for International Development. It represents an overview of planning, property development and urban infrastructure finance in the City of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, with some reference to two secondary cities in the country, Hawassa and Mekelle. It is intended as a case study to demonstrate the extent to which land-based financing is taking place and understand the factors which influence successes and failures.

Particularly in the last two decades, there has been a clear recognition of the importance of urban landmanagement in helping alleviate poverty in developing countries. Access to land and security of tenurehave been identified as two strategic prerequisites for the provision of adequate shelter and for thedevelopment of sustainable human settlements affecting both urban and rural areas. The contention ofthis paper is that the deficiencies of the public land management system (especially the land allocationprocess) have led to the evolution of informal land markets.

This case study draws on an analysis of urban landmarkets in the East African region. The research wasundertaken by Paul Syagga, School of the Built Environment,University of Nairobi, and commissioned by Urban LandMark. SeeSheet 5 for reference details.

Sustainability of urbanization requires planned development of urban centers,competent institutional frameworks in place and proactive management and governancestrategies. In light of this, the paper examines the practice of master planning and theextent of its implementation and challenges of land management in Arba Minch asemerging regional town in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region(SNNPR).

As incomes grow, why do households continue to invest so little in housing?

• Some work on what constrains investments (Marx et al `13)
• Relatively little on slums in the spatial context of cities...

Land is one of the main production inputs, which is a vital ele-ment in the socioeconomic development of all nations (Aribigbola,2008; RDPS, 2003). Yet, this valuable and scarce resource is infixed supply (Azadi et al., 2012), requiring sustainable utilization.In developing countries, most people rely on agricultural produc-tions, making land an important asset (Tuyen, 2013). Therefore,any change to the agricultural land use in these countries requiresthoughtful planning to both conserve the land and reduce the risksof undermining the livelihoods of the people.

This paper discusses the influences on food and farming of an increasingly urbanized world and adeclining ratio of food producers to food consumers. Urbanization has been underpinned by therapid growth in the world economy and in the proportion of gross world product and of workersin industrial and service enterprises. Globally, agriculture has met the demands from this rapidlygrowing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-, water- and greenhouse gasemission-intensive.

In comparison to other African countries, Ethiopia has a low urbanization rate. According to the World Bank World Development Report (WDR) 2009, Sub-Sahara Africa is 30% urbanized, whereas Ethiopia is only 10.9% urbanized. Urbanization rates differ according to methodologies and data base utilized: the United Nations classifies Ethiopia as 14.9% urban, while the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia reports a 16% urbanization rate. In an effort to standardize and measure Ethiopian urbanization over time, we use the WDR agglomeration index methodology which incorporates a series of GIS data and analyses including: travel time rasters, population density (namely GRUMP and LandScan gridded population), and other nationally collected biophysical and infrastructure variables.

Like most sub-Saharan countries urban population growth and market development in Ethiopia have created mounting competition for peri-urban land located adjacent to towns and cities by people of diverse backgrounds. As a result of these pressures and rapid socio-economic change, space in the peri-urban area is becoming scarce and conflicts over land rights are also becoming very noticeable. Thus, this research is attempted to identify the challenges imposed on peri-urban land rights as a result of the growing demand of land for urbanization.

The developing world already packs 2.6 billion people into its relatively dense cities. In 100 The developing world already packs 2.6 billion people into its relatively dense cities. In 100 years, it could have three times as many urban residents. As their per capita income grows, they  will  they  will  also  demand more  land,  perhaps  twice  as much  per  person  as  they do today. Governments can accommodate this increased demand either with a sixfold increase in the  average  built  area  of  existing  cities  or  with  a  combined  strategy  of  expanding  existing cities and developing entirely new  cities. The Commissioners’  Plan  of  1811, which guided a sevenfold increase in the built area of New York City, shows that a government can manage successful urban expansion on the required scale if it implements a plan that is narrow but strong.  China’s  development  of  Shenzhen  shows  that  a  government  can  use  a  new  city  to unleash  systemic  reform.  The  next  few  decades  offer  a  unique  opportunity  to  speed  up progress by following these examples.

First of all, a word of appreciation isin order for the commendable jobthat the Ethiopian EconomicAssociation has been doing in termsof laying down a foundation forpointing out directions for thecountry's future developmentthrough the launching of its "Vision2020 Ethiopia" forum, which hasserved as a venue for the generation,exchange and dissemination of ideasrelated to various aspects ofdevelopment.

Urbanization is a process in which overall development of a particular region takes place. This process consists of rapid population growth, increase in the proportion of non-agricultural workforce, and changes in land use from agricultural to non-agricultural pattern. The process of urbanization is continuous one and is generally influenced by various economic activities such as commerce, transportation and industrial activities. This process gives rise to an urban region- location having high level of accumulation and concentration of economic activities; and is complex spatial structures that are supported by various services and infrastructures (Girma, 2004; UN-Habitat 2006; Tetty, 2005).

Urbanization programme in Ethiopia is neither participatory nor supportive to farmers in periphery, and thushas negative impact on people livelihood and highly affects the livelihood of poor people by diminishing the naturalresource available to them. The municipality has provided cash compensation for affected rural people. However,monetary compensation is not an appropriate mechanism to rehabilitate an affected people and minimal and seemsinadequate. The aim of the study was to assess policy and practice of land expropriation process and rehabilitationmechanism of evicted peri-urban farmers as the result of urban expansion to peripheral areas in Ethiopia. Primarydata were collected from 200 peri-urban evicted farmers through questionnaires and 30 conducted interviewwith municipality officials. As the findings of the study shows that the reason for eviction of peri-urban farmersin Ethiopia are industries, urban dwellers residential house, public projects, private investments, NGO projects,Recreational sites and industrial parks. Peri-urban land are potential areas of interest, most stakeholders are tiedto together confidentially for malpractices. Peri-urban farmers have the complaints on property valuation, amountof compensation, survival strategies and on implementation of policies, however, poor response. The rehabilitationpractice which most municipalities now applying are mostly monetary compensation but rare practice of incomecapitalization. The practical implications that should be applied are use combination of rehabilitation mechanism,apply standardized land expropriation process, apply proper grievance handling mechanism and create enablingenvironment for peri-urban farmers.

Urban areas, in many developing countries, expand by engulfing the nearby rural villages which causes a complete shift of policies and livelihoods in the villages. This study examines the ex post impacts of urban expansion on welfare of subsistence farm households included to urban locality. The study utilizes panel data of 457 households, collected in 2011 and 2012, from peri-urban Ethiopia. The descriptive statistics shows that physical asset (land and livestock) holdings of farm households included to urban have reduced. Using the difference-in-difference with matching, the results show that consumption expenditure of the farm households included to urban has significantly reduced over a year. The negative effects on asset holdings and consumption expenditure is consistent with the perceived view of difficulties in livelihood transitions and to accustom new institutions. This study supports broader investments in rural nonfarm sector and institutions to address the vital challenges of rural-urban livelihood transitions, and to manage the process and embrace benefits of urbanization.

In today’s increasingly global and interconnected world, over half of the world’s population(54 per cent) lives in urban areas although there is still substantial variability in thelevels of urbanization across countries (figure 1). The coming decades will bring furtherprofound changes to the size and spatial distribution of the global population. The continuingurbanization and overall growth of the world’s population is projected to add 2.5billion people to the urban population by 2050, with nearly 90 per cent of the increaseconcentrated in Asia and Africa. At the same time, the proportion of the world’spopulation living in urban areas is expected to increase, reaching 66 per cent by 2050.